1. Gene Aliases

CCNG1, Cyclin G1, CCNG, Cyclin-G1, Cyclin-G, CYCG1

[https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=CCNG1&keywords=Ccng1]

2. Association with Toxicity and/or Disease at a Transcriptional Level

3. Summary of Protein Family and Structure

4. Proteins Known to Interact with Gene Product

Interactions with experimental support

Interactions with text mining support

5. Links to Gene Databases

6. GO Terms, MSigDB Signatures, Pathways Containing Gene with Descriptions of Gene Sets

Pathways:

GO terms:

cell division [The process resulting in division and partitioning of components of a cell to form more cells; may or may not be accompanied by the physical separation of a cell into distinct, individually membrane-bounded daughter cells.|Note that this term differs from 'cytokinesis ; GO:0000910' in that cytokinesis does not include nuclear division. GO:0051301]

mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling [A mitotic cell cycle checkpoint that detects and negatively regulates progression through the G2/M transition of the cell cycle in response to DNA damage. GO:0007095]

mitotic cell cycle phase transition [The cell cycle process by which a cell commits to entering the next mitotic cell cycle phase. GO:0044772]

negative regulation of apoptotic process [Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.|This term should only be used when it is not possible to determine which phase or subtype of the apoptotic process is negatively regulated by a gene product. Whenever detailed information is available, the more granular children terms should be used. GO:0043066]

response to gravity [Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gravitational stimulus. GO:0009629]

response to organonitrogen compound [Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organonitrogen stimulus. An organonitrogen compound is formally a compound containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond. GO:0010243]

syncytium formation [The formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane. Syncytia are normally derived from single cells that fuse or fail to complete cell division. GO:0006949]

MSigDB Signatures:

WP_SPINAL_CORD_INJURY: Spinal cord injury [https://www.gsea-msigdb.org/gsea/msigdb/human/geneset/WP_SPINAL_CORD_INJURY.html]

KEGG_P53_SIGNALING_PATHWAY: p53 signaling pathway [https://www.gsea-msigdb.org/gsea/msigdb/human/geneset/KEGG_P53_SIGNALING_PATHWAY.html]

REACTOME_RNA_POLYMERASE_II_TRANSCRIPTION: RNA Polymerase II Transcription [https://www.gsea-msigdb.org/gsea/msigdb/human/geneset/REACTOME_RNA_POLYMERASE_II_TRANSCRIPTION.html]

REACTOME_TRANSCRIPTIONAL_REGULATION_BY_TP53: Transcriptional Regulation by TP53 [https://www.gsea-msigdb.org/gsea/msigdb/human/geneset/REACTOME_TRANSCRIPTIONAL_REGULATION_BY_TP53.html]

WP_P53_TRANSCRIPTIONAL_GENE_NETWORK: p53 transcriptional gene network [https://www.gsea-msigdb.org/gsea/msigdb/human/geneset/WP_P53_TRANSCRIPTIONAL_GENE_NETWORK.html]

REACTOME_REGULATION_OF_TP53_EXPRESSION_AND_DEGRADATION: Regulation of TP53 Expression and Degradation [https://www.gsea-msigdb.org/gsea/msigdb/human/geneset/REACTOME_REGULATION_OF_TP53_EXPRESSION_AND_DEGRADATION.html]

WP_MIRNA_REGULATION_OF_DNA_DAMAGE_RESPONSE: miRNA regulation of DNA damage response [https://www.gsea-msigdb.org/gsea/msigdb/human/geneset/WP_MIRNA_REGULATION_OF_DNA_DAMAGE_RESPONSE.html]

7. Gene Descriptions

NCBI Gene Summary: The eukaryotic cell cycle is governed by cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs) whose activities are regulated by cyclins and CDK inhibitors. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the cyclin family and contains the cyclin box. The encoded protein lacks the protein destabilizing (PEST) sequence that is present in other family members. Transcriptional activation of this gene can be induced by tumor protein p53. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

GeneCards Summary: CCNG1 (Cyclin G1) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with CCNG1 include Mantle Cell Lymphoma and Retinoblastoma. Among its related pathways are Gene expression (Transcription) and Regulation of TP53 Expression and Degradation. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include protein domain specific binding. An important paralog of this gene is CCNG2.

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary: May play a role in growth regulation. Is associated with G2/M phase arrest in response to DNA damage. May be an intermediate by which p53 mediates its role as an inhibitor of cellular proliferation.

8. Cellular Location of Gene Product

Ubiquitous nuclear expression. Localized to the nucleoplasm. Predicted location: Intracellular [https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000113328/subcellular]

9. Mechanistic Information

Summary

The CCNG1 gene, coding for Cyclin G1, is implicated in growth regulation and is associated with G2/M phase arrest in response to DNA damage [CS: 8]. Cyclin G1's role in mediating cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase in response to DNA damage indicates its function as a safeguard against the propagation of damaged DNA [CS: 8]. In bone marrow, where hematopoietic stem cells divide rapidly, preserving genomic integrity is crucial [CS: 10]. Therefore, the upregulation of CCNG1 following toxic exposure acts as a protective mechanism, halting cell cycle progression to allow for DNA repair or to trigger apoptosis in severely damaged cells [CS: 9]. For instance, exposure to benzene and radiation, as evidenced by studies in mice, leads to an upregulation of Cyclin G1 [CS: 7]. This response is crucial in preventing the proliferation of potentially malignant cells, a risk heightened in rapidly dividing tissues like bone marrow [CS: 9].

10. Upstream Regulators

11. Tissues/Cell Type Where Genes are Overexpressed

Tissue type enchanced: low tissue specificity [https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000113328/tissue]

Cell type enchanced: proximal tubular cells (cell type enhanced) [https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000113328/single+cell+type]

12. Role of Gene in Other Tissues

13. Chemicals Known to Elicit Transcriptional Response of Biomarker in Tissue of Interest

Compounds that increase expression of the gene:

14. DisGeNet Biomarker Associations to Disease in Organ of Interest

Most relevant biomarkers with lower score or lower probability of association with disease or organ of interest: