1. Gene Aliases

RGS1, 1R20, BL34, Regulator Of G-Protein Signaling 1, IR20, IER1, Regulator Of G-Protein Signalling 1, B-Cell Activation Protein BL34, Early Response Protein 1R20, Immediate-Early Response 1, B-Cell Specific, Epididymis Secretory Protein Li 87, HEL-S-87

[https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=RGS1&keywords=Rgs1].

2. Association with Toxicity and/or Disease at a Transcriptional Level

3. Summary of Protein Family and Structure

4. Proteins Known to Interact with Gene Product

Interactions with experimental support

Interactions with text mining support

5. Links to Gene Databases

6. GO Terms, MSigDB Signatures, Pathways Containing Gene with Descriptions of Gene Sets

Pathways:

GO terms:

G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway [The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to its receptor, in which the activated receptor promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The GTP-bound activated alpha-G-protein then dissociates from the beta- and gamma-subunits to further transmit the signal within the cell. The pathway begins with receptor-ligand interaction, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process. The pathway can start from the plasma membrane, Golgi or nuclear membrane. GO:0007186]

leukotriene signaling pathway [A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by leukotriene binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process. GO:0061737]

negative regulation of signal transduction [Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction. GO:0009968]

response to bacterium [Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a bacterium. GO:0009617]

signal transduction [The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell.|Note that signal transduction is defined broadly to include a ligand interacting with a receptor, downstream signaling steps and a response being triggered. A change in form of the signal in every step is not necessary. Note that in many cases the end of this process is regulation of the initiation of transcription. Note that specific transcription factors may be annotated to this term, but core/general transcription machinery such as RNA polymerase should not. GO:0007165]

MSigDB Signatures:

WP_MYOMETRIAL_RELAXATION_AND_CONTRACTION_PATHWAYS: Myometrial relaxation and contraction pathways [https://www.gsea-msigdb.org/gsea/msigdb/human/geneset/WP_MYOMETRIAL_RELAXATION_AND_CONTRACTION_PATHWAYS.html]

WP_TYROBP_CAUSAL_NETWORK_IN_MICROGLIA: TYROBP causal network in microglia [https://www.gsea-msigdb.org/gsea/msigdb/human/geneset/WP_TYROBP_CAUSAL_NETWORK_IN_MICROGLIA.html]

REACTOME_SIGNALING_BY_GPCR: Signaling by GPCR [https://www.gsea-msigdb.org/gsea/msigdb/human/geneset/REACTOME_SIGNALING_BY_GPCR.html]

REACTOME_G_ALPHA_I_SIGNALLING_EVENTS: G alpha (i) signalling events [https://www.gsea-msigdb.org/gsea/msigdb/human/geneset/REACTOME_G_ALPHA_I_SIGNALLING_EVENTS.html]

7. Gene Descriptions

NCBI Gene Summary: This gene encodes a member of the regulator of G-protein signalling family. This protein is located on the cytosolic side of the plasma membrane and contains a conserved, 120 amino acid motif called the RGS domain. The protein attenuates the signalling activity of G-proteins by binding to activated, GTP-bound G alpha subunits and acting as a GTPase activating protein (GAP), increasing the rate of conversion of the GTP to GDP. This hydrolysis allows the G alpha subunits to bind G beta/gamma subunit heterodimers, forming inactive G-protein heterotrimers, thereby terminating the signal. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

GeneCards Summary: RGS1 (Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 1) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with RGS1 include Celiac Disease 1. Among its related pathways are GPCR downstream signalling and G-AlphaQ Signaling. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include GTPase activator activity and calmodulin binding. An important paralog of this gene is RGS3.

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary: Regulates G protein-coupled receptor signaling cascades, including signaling downstream of the N-formylpeptide chemoattractant receptors and leukotriene receptors [PMID: 10480894]. Inhibits B cell chemotaxis toward CXCL12. Inhibits signal transduction by increasing the GTPase activity of G protein alpha subunits thereby driving them into their inactive GDP-bound form [PMID: 10480894, PMID: 18434541].

8. Cellular Location of Gene Product

Cytoplasmic and membranous expression in most tissues. Predicted location: Intracellular [https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000090104/subcellular]

9. Mechanistic Information

Summary

RGS1 functions as a GTPase activating protein accelerates the conversion of GTP to GDP in G protein alpha subunits, effectively shutting down the signaling cascade [CS: 9]. This mechanism is critical in conditions like alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD), where inflammation and cellular stress are prevalent [CS: 7]. By inhibiting GPCR signaling, RGS1 contributes to the reduction of inflammatory responses [CS: 8]. This is particularly important in the liver, where overactivation of GPCRs can exacerbate inflammation and cellular damage, a common feature in AFLD [CS: 8].

In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the upregulation of RGS1, particularly in regulatory T cells within the tumor environment, suggests a role in modulating immune responses against tumor cells [CS: 6]. The increased expression of RGS1 in T cells might act to dampen GPCR-mediated signaling, which can influence the behavior of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment [CS: 6]. This modulation could be a response to the altered signaling pathways in cancer, where GPCR signaling might be dysregulated and contribute to tumor progression [CS: 5]. By curtailing this signaling, RGS1 may help in maintaining immune surveillance and potentially inhibiting tumor growth, reflecting a cellular attempt to counteract the abnormal signaling environment created by the tumor [CS: 6].

10. Upstream Regulators

11. Tissues/Cell Type Where Genes are Overexpressed

Tissue type enchanced: brain (tissue enhanced) [https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000090104/tissue]

Cell type enchanced: dendritic cells, granulocytes, hofbauer cells, langerhans cells, macrophages, plasma cells, schwann cells, t-cells (cell type enhanced) [https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000090104/single+cell+type]

12. Role of Gene in Other Tissues

13. Chemicals Known to Elicit Transcriptional Response of Biomarker in Tissue of Interest

Compounds that increase expression of the gene:

Compounds that decrease expression of the gene:

14. DisGeNet Biomarker Associations to Disease in Organ of Interest

No biomarkers associated with disease or organ of interest were found