1. Gene Aliases

Opioid Growth Factor Receptor Like 1, DJ331H24.1, Opioid Growth Factor Receptor-Like Protein 1

[https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=OGFRL1]

2. Association with Toxicity and/or Disease at a Transcriptional Level

3. Summary of Protein Family and Structure

4. Proteins Known to Interact with Gene Product

Interactions with experimental support

5. Links to Gene Databases

6. GO Terms, MSigDB Signatures, Pathways Containing Gene with Descriptions of Gene Sets

Pathways:

opioid receptor signalling pathway: A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by an opioid binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process [https://biocyc.org/HUMAN/NEW-IMAGE?type=ECOCYC-CLASS&object=GO:0038003&orgids=(ECOL585057 ECOLI)].

Opioid Signalling: Opioids are chemical substances similar to opiates, the active substances found in opium (morphine, codeine etc.). Opioid action is mediated by the receptors for endogenous opioids; peptides such as the enkephalins, the endorphins or the dynorphins. Opioids possess powerful analgesic and sedative effects, and are widely used as pain-killers. Their main side-effect is the rapid establishment of a strong addiction. Opioids receptors are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR). There are four classes of receptors: mu (MOR), kappa (KOR) and delta (DOR), and the nociceptin receptor (NOP) [https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-111885].

GO terms:

G protein-coupled opioid receptor signaling pathway [A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by an opioid binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process. GO:0038003]

MSigDB Signatures:

KINSEY_TARGETS_OF_EWSR1_FLII_FUSION_UP: Genes up-regulated in TC71 and EWS502 cells (Ewing's sarcoma) by EWSR1-FLI1 [GeneID=2130;2314] as inferred from RNAi knockdown of this fusion protein. [https://www.gsea-msigdb.org/gsea/msigdb/human/geneset/KINSEY_TARGETS_OF_EWSR1_FLII_FUSION_UP.html]

BENPORATH_EED_TARGETS: Set 'Eed targets': genes identified by ChIP on chip as targets of the Polycomb protein EED [GeneID=8726] in human embryonic stem cells. [https://www.gsea-msigdb.org/gsea/msigdb/human/geneset/BENPORATH_EED_TARGETS.html]

7. Gene Descriptions

NCBI Gene Summary: Predicted to enable opioid growth factor receptor activity. Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]

GeneCards Summary: OGFRL1 (Opioid Growth Factor Receptor Like 1) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with OGFRL1 include Seminal Vesicle Tumor and Male Reproductive Organ Benign Neoplasm. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include signaling receptor activity. An important paralog of this gene is OGFR.

8. Cellular Location of Gene Product

Mainly localized to the Golgi apparatus. In addition localized to the nucleoplasm. Predicted location: Intracellular [https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000119900/subcellular]

9. Mechanistic Information

OGFRL1 was identified as an accelerator of fibrotic liver regeneration post G-CSF treatment, with high endogenous expression in hematopoietic organs (such as bone marrow and spleen) but low in the liver. OGFRL1 overexpression in transplanted cells promoted hepatic progenitor cell (HPC) proliferation and hepatic parenchymal cell proliferation in a mouse model of fibrosis induced by repeated carbon tetrachloride injections. Additionally, OGFRL1 overexpression in cultured HPCs accelerated their differentiation, shown by increased expression of liver-specific genes such as hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha, cytochrome P450, and fatty acid binding protein 1, although it did not improve their colony-forming capacity [PMID: 30270488].

Summary

OGFRL1, a homolog of the opioid growth factor receptor (OGFR), shares structural similarities with OGFR, which is known for regulating cell proliferation by interacting with the opioid growth factor (OGF) [CS: 8]. While OGFR's role in inhibiting cell proliferation to balance growth and differentiation is established [CS: 9], the specific function of OGFRL1 remains unclear [CS: 8]. However, its predicted opioid growth factor receptor activity [CS: 7] and its continuous expression during the differentiation of chicken myogenic cells suggest a potential involvement in similar cellular processes, particularly in tissue repair and regeneration [CS: 6].

10. Upstream Regulators

11. Tissues/Cell Type Where Genes are Overexpressed

Tissue type enchanced: low tissue specificity [https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000119900/tissue]

Cell type enchanced: astrocytes, langerhans cells, macrophages, schwann cells (cell type enhanced) [https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000119900/single+cell+type]

12. Role of Gene in Other Tissues

13. Chemicals Known to Elicit Transcriptional Response of Biomarker in Tissue of Interest

No available data identified on compounds influencing Ogfrl1 expression (increase or decrease) in Skeletal Muscle.

14. DisGeNet Biomarker Associations to Disease in Organ of Interest

No DisGenNet altered expression associations were found for Ogfrl1 and diseases associated with Skeletal Muscle